The emergence of the concept of "complex products and systems" began from the literature of military systems, the complexities of the system, the school of large technical system, project management and industrial organization studies. complex products which are technically manufactured by advanced companies, are technologically advanced capital goods; and investment for capacity building in production sector is one of the important landmarks of national economic power. In the area of complex products, industry structure is mainly composed of very small number of very large firms, suppliers, manufactures, and customers. These firms involve in the process of design, research and development, systems integration, further improvements of the product and maintenance. Now, economic developments require commercialization and development of complex technologies in which the innovation happens only through a complex network. So, one of the distinguishing features of these products compared with the simple ones in mass production is the difference in the related mechanism and innovation management.

Introduction: Carney complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

complex product systems (COPS) play an important role in industry, economics and technology of countries. On the other hand, Due to the complexity and the need for in depth and high level knowledge; organizations face challenges in Manufacturing and developing these products. To succeed in manufacturing of these products, organizations need to recognize the required capabilities. Therefore, the current research was conducted to identify the capabilities and enablers needed to manufacturing complex products And analyzes the causal relationships between these enablers. The other purpose of this study was to determine the importance of these factors for the accurate planning in the organization. For this purpose, with using the library studies and semi-structured interviews, the mentioned capabilities were identified and then validated by distributing the questionnaire. Eventually, 10 main factors and 46 sub-factors were identified. In the next step, with using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method, the relationships between these factors were determined and partitioned into four levels. Then ANP was used to determine the weights and ranking of factors. The research results show that networking capabilities, projects management, system integration and interactions at macro levels are the most important factors in manufacturing complex products and have underlying impacts on other factors. at the end of paper, after concluding the content, some suggestions were proposed for future research.

Sectoral innovation systems perspective presents a proper framework to analyze formation and evolution of different industries. Despite various differences and distinctions, so far majority of studies in this field, have been focused on mass-produced consuming goods industries, and it is difficult to find studies that have examined capital goods and complex product systems industries. So, this research aims at introducing key players and actors, describing the path of formation and evolution of knowledge and technology, identifying influential policies and institutions, and explaining market structure and demand condition of Iran’s gas turbine industry as a complex product systems industry, through employing qualitative approach and case study strategy. This research findings include: 1) The path of formation and accumulation of knowledge and technology of manufacturing gas turbine in Iran including technological capabilities and technology acquisition strategies; 2) Diversity and dynamics of influential government policies on the formation and evolution of this sector including leading, investment, procurement and facilitation policies; 3) Duopolistic and politicized market structure in Iran’s gas turbine industry including limited number of suppliers and customers (government) and high and growing domestic demand for different types of gas turbines; 4) Examining the impact of international sanctions on iranian gas turbine producers.

Background and Aim: What constitutes adequate dialysis has been debated in the nephrology literature over the past years. We believed that short and infrequent dialysis session contributed to poor outcome. This result provides additional evidence that (KT/V) in a flawed concept upon which to based the dose dialysis in general. Base on published evidence from many source we proposed a new index of adequacy of hemodialysis to be called hemodialysis product (HDP).Materials and Methods: The prospective study was performed on 100 dialysis patient in the Imam hospital dialysis ward in Tehran during 2002. delivered (KT/V) and (HDP) achieved for any patient separated.Results: 100 patients including 44 female and 56 male were studied. Result has shown (KT/V) d≥l in 43% and (KT/V) d<1 in 57%. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d> 1 were ≥36. HDP in patient with (KT/V) d < 1 were < 36. Correlation between (KT/V) d and albumin was significant (p< 0.03, Albumin ≥4mg/dl). Correlation between (KT/V) d and cholesterol, hemoglobin, creatinine were not significant. Correlation between (KT/V) d and HDP was significant (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Finding above has shown that higher weekly delivered (KTN) correlate with dialysis result increase hemodialysis product (HDP). More frequent and session dialysis results increase in HDP, provide better weekly (KT/V) d with normal albumin (show good caloric and protein intake).

The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated approach to the design of structure matrix and fuzzy set theory; and also to provide a method for clustering the system elements. In this approach, know as the \fuzzy design structure matrix", integer numbers are replaced by fuzzy numbers. In fact, one of the problems of designing structure matrix analysis using numbers integer, considering the lack of distinction between the dependence of the interactions of system elements is that such problems will be solved with this approach. On the other hand, the fuzzy design structure matrix of interactions between elements, cost and less time is spent on systems analysis. According to the literature, there are diFFerent methods for clustering system elements. By studying the clustering methods as well as mathematical approaches derived from graph theory, a proposed approach for clustering fuzzy design structure matrix was presented. The proposed approach has five major steps. Each step also includes several subsets. In the First step, the elements are identified with inputs from designers and system boundaries are determined. In the second step, the fuzzy numbers are used in fuzzy evaluation method. In the third step, the basic fuzzy design structure matrix is formed. In the next step, the grouping proposed for clustering fuzzy design structure matrix is presented. Finally, using the matrix of hierarchical relationships, priorities and the importance of clusters are determined. Analytical Network Process (ANP) is used for fuzzy evaluation method. In the literature related to the design structure matrix in this case, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used. considering the AHP hierarchy, some of interactions between elements have been ignored. Therefore, this shortage has been resolved by the ANP and the interactions between the elements have been considered and evaluated with higher accuracy. The proposed approach has been implemented on a servomechanism with two degrees of freedom. The system has 15 elements determined by the designers. By implementing this approach, two independent elements and three clusters have been determined.

complex products widespread in all industries, are the infrastructure of the advanced countries. Several examples of the failure of well-known international companies in this area necessitate the need to review successful examples and to analyze and explain the reasons for their success. This need is becoming increasingly important in late-comer companies in the region due to the constraints faced by these companies, including the developing nature of the countries of interest and lack of access to the pioneer networks. The present research is a qualitative case study and aims to explain and analyze the successful development of a complex product in the power industry based on the ambidexterity model. The results show that the late-comer firm, following exogenous licensing of technology, has been able to realize advantages due to exploiting the economics of repetition and recombination by implementing a range of repetitive projects. Development and use of indigenous mechanisms such as development of modular products, deepening of knowledge by exploiting and compiling In-built knowledge to achieve the new technology base has been discussed. Through successful design, deliver and execution a Base Moving project in order to meet the monitored market needs, ambidexterity in complex technology sourcing is achieved. It is shown that the company has become ambidextrous in large scale complex integration (LCSI) projects as well.

A significant portion of defense projects are complex projects. Uncertainty and complexity are important and intrinsic features of these types of projects that increase their time and cost and some have pointed to the ever-increasing relationship between these concepts. Different approaches have been proposed, such as the development and deepening of the intrinsic capability to overcome the undesirable effects of these properties. In this study, uncertainty, complexity and capability are examined in a range of complex product development projects. At first, using the literature of the subject, referring to the experts and applying the three-stage Delphi method, the components of each of these three concepts were explained. Also, the distribution of questionnaires among managers and experts of defense industry, the importance of factors and performance of defense industries in management and improvement of these factors were evaluated and identified by means of significance-performance analysis, status of factors and priorities of improvement. The findings of this study indicate that organizations associated with complex defense product development projects in the areas of uncertainty, complexity, and capability should focus on the weaknesses of the organization's dominant culture, ambiguity in goals, changes in estimates, environmental factors, technical complexities, goals, project nature, Focus on the environment and knowledge management capabilities, value management, large-scale project management, and innovative capabilities that are higher priority than other factors.